Pennsylvania Tax Law Changes
Pennsylvania, like many other states, is adjusting its tax statutes to include more goods and services within the taxable definitions. Following recent changes to its somewhat confusing new legislation, the state issued a ‘clarifying’ bulletin for use in interpreting the new requirements. In this blog, we will discuss a few areas of this clarification as well as an amnesty program available to some businesses.
Electronically or Digitally Delivered Items (i.e., Digital Downloads)
This new Sales, Use & Hotel Occupancy Tax Bulletin 16-001, was drafted on July 21, 2016 and became effective on August 1, 2016. This bulletin clarifies recently enacted legislation related to digital products. The legislation applies a tax regime to many of the newly created revenue streams developed by the digital industry. Unlike the traditional taxes on things we can touch and feel (i.e. tangible property) lawmakers want to expand the tax revenue base to ‘new age’ things. As you might expect, the attempt to do so has resulted initially in some confusion. The bulletin is an attempt to clarify the new legislation. It explains that a state sales and use tax is imposed on electronically or digitally delivered, streamed or accessed video, photographs, books, any other taxable printed matter, applications (i.e., “apps”), games, music, any other audio, including satellite radio service, canned software, or any other otherwise taxable tangible personal property. Additionally, updates or support on these items are also taxable.
Revisiting the California Competes Tax Credit Program
Do you operate a business in California? Have you taken advantage of the state’s tax credits offered through the California Competes program? The truth is, this program is showing itself to be very difficult for companies to actually receive benefits from.
As Susan Shelley, columnist for the Los Angeles Daily News, explains:
How does a business qualify for the California Competes tax credit and how much money can it save on taxes? There doesn’t seem to be a clear answer. “Tax credit agreements will be negotiated,” the [Governor’s Office of Business and Economic Development] website states.
The negotiating is done by the governor’s appointees at GO-Biz, then approved by the California Competes Tax Credit Committee. The CCTC committee is made up of the state treasurer, the director of the Department of Finance, the director of GO-Biz, one person appointed by the Assembly Speaker, and one person appointed by the Senate Rules Committee.
They meet several times a year to consider applications…one after another, company representatives are brought before the committee to be grilled about their application for a tax credit.
Shelley goes on to explain that the questions asked are harsh – so harsh that California Compete’s legal counsel was brought in to tell the committee they are limited regarding types of data they collect, especially when it comes to company demographics. However, the Assembly’s political appointee hired their own legal counsel to insist that the tax credit program could be used for the state legislature to, “pursue other ‘underlying goals.’”
I don’t know about you, but I’d like to see the program be more objective, less subjective, and more transparent. Companies applying for the credit currently receive little guidance on how to draft a success application, and while 25% of the funds are supposed to go directly to small businesses, they are precisely the types of companies that often don’t have the wherewithal to apply.Read more
Focus on Vermont
The gold standard for fall foliage takes us to Vermont. With 75% of the state covered in forest and having the most land coverage of maple trees per capita, Vermont’s foliage season is the most vibrant. With its thousands of acres of alpine terrain, it is a popular destination for snowboarders and skiers. Trout fishing, lake fishing, ice fishing and hunting are also popular pastimes for residents and tourists alike. In the fall, hikers can catch some unforgettable views.
Vermont is attractive for more than just its environment. Vermont is also known for the manufacture and sale of artisan foods, fancy foods and novelty items such as Cabot Cheese, the Vermont Teddy Bear Company (where visitors can build their own Teddy Bear), Burton Snowboards and Ben and Jerry’s Ice Cream (where tours end by tasting your favorite flavor). Read more
Companies Looking to Acquire: Why Worry About Sales Tax?
A couple of weeks ago we took a look at what controllers and CFOs need to think about prior to their company being acquired. But what if you’re looking to acquire another business?
How Sales Tax Affects Mergers & Acquisitions
Because sales tax is a gross tax, it can’t be offset by net operating losses like income tax can. This is why larger acquirers begin the process by analyzing the target company’s potential outstanding tax liabilities they’d be taking on. If the business they’re looking to acquire hasn’t thought through the ramifications of multistate sales tax issues, it can either completely derail the deal or negatively impact the final purchase price.Read more
Nevada Tax Law Changes
In 2015, Nevada’s legislature was busy enacting controversial legislation aimed at raising revenue in the state. These laws are yet another challenge for businesses.
Last year, Senate Bill (SB) 483 was signed into law by Governor Sandoval and became known as the “Commerce Tax.” This new law went into effect on July 1, 2015 and applies to businesses whose Nevada gross revenue in a taxable year exceeds $4,000,000. Under the law, a “business entity” is defined as a corporation (both S and C), partnership, LLC and sole-proprietorship (i.e., those who file schedule C), just to name a few. For a complete list of the business entities subject to the Commerce Tax, click here. Note that out of state companies are also subject to the Commerce Tax to the extent that they have nexus in Nevada.
This law was enacted a year ago, but the effects of it are now being seen by companies whose first Commerce Tax return is due for the year ended June 30, 2016. This tax must be remitted to the state within 45 days after the end of the taxable year (August 15, 2016). Companies may file an extension for 30 days, to allow them more time to comply with the new law. All Nevada business entities are required to file the return, even if total revenue is less than the $4,000,000 minimum.
Companies Looking to be Acquired: Why Worry About Sales Tax?
Although it may not seem like sales tax has much to do with mergers and acquisitions, the truth is, many deals have fallen apart because of multistate sales tax issues. Controllers and CFOs who have seen the process first-hand know how messy the acquisition process can be – particularly if the target company’s multistate tax issues (especially sales taxes) haven’t been addressed.
How Does Sales Tax Affect Mergers & Acquisitions?
As a company looking to be acquired, it’s important you work with a firm that specializes in this area; this can help you identify and mitigate some of the potential problems before the deal closes. If you’re considering an acquisition in the next year or two, we highly suggest a nexus, taxability and potential exposure review prior to a bigger company calling and performing their own due diligence. This is definitely a case where knowledge is power!
Why Should the CFO or Controller Care?
Although CFOs and Controllers have a lot of financial experience, dealing with all the sales tax rules is likely to be outside their wheelhouse. There are so many things to consider in an M&A deal, and making sure both parties are following all merger and acquisition provisions can be difficult – especially considering that not all states follow the federal standards. The sales tax consequences are often forgotten until the very end – when it may be too late to proactively deal with them!Read more
FOCUS ON IDAHO
This month, we travel west to Idaho, the 14th largest state in the U.S. Known for its mountainous landscapes, vast swaths of protected wilderness and outdoor recreation areas, Idaho is bigger than all of the New England states combined. Boise, the capital and largest city, is set in the Rocky Mountain Foothills and is bisected by the Boise River, a popular destination for rafting and fishing.
Although Idaho is best known for its great fishing, other outdoor recreational adventures attract people to mountain biking at the Schweitzer Mountain Resort, and jet boating on the Snake River. Rafting and Kayaking are also popular activities. Idaho is ranked number one in the U.S. and in the world for whitewater adventures by Outdoors Magazine. And for something on the calmer side, excellent golf courses await throughout Idaho. Idaho has more than 100 golf courses nestled amongst the gorgeous Idaho landscape.
Business Climate
Idaho is a prominent agricultural state. Nearly one third of the nation’s potatoes are grown in the state. Additionally, all three varieties of wheat are grown in Idaho: dark northern spring, hard red and soft white. But Idaho is more than outdoor recreation and farming. Some major industries include food processing, lumber and wood products, machinery, chemical products, paper products, electronics manufacturing, silver and other mining and tourism.
Recently, Idaho expanded its commercial base as a tourism and agricultural state to include the science and technology industries. Science and technology have become the largest single economic center (over 25 of the state’s total revenue) within the state and are greater than agriculture, forestry and mining combined.
Tax Climate
Idaho is the 10th highest of states in the U.S. that levy an income tax. Idaho’s individual income tax system consists of seven brackets with a top rate of 7.4%. Corporations based in Idaho must pay a corporate income tax at a flat rate of 7.4%. Among all of the states in the country, this corporate rate is the 19th highest.Read more
Celebrating a "Sales Tax Holiday!"
What if you could walk into a store, buy something and not have to pay sales tax because the whole state does not impose a sales tax? Believe it or not, in some states that does happen. Several states, mainly in the South and East, have these so-called “tax holidays.” These holidays are targeted at specific goods. As we discuss below, during tax holidays specific items are exempted from the tax, only in certain states, and these holidays occur only on limited days. Very little is uniform in the multistate tax world.
This is a hotly contested topic; the question up for debate is whether sales actually increase enough to offset the lost sales tax revenue. Researchers found that on sales tax holidays, households increase the quantities of clothing and shoes bought by over 49% and 45%, respectively to what they buy on average. However, evidence shows that these holidays simply shift the timing of these purchases and some retailers will actually raise prices during the holiday, reducing consumer savings.
How did Sales Tax Holidays begin?
Ohio and Michigan enacted the first state tax holidays in 1980, offering a tax holiday on automobile purchases. However, it was New York that, with the first tax holiday on clothing, sparked the interest in other states wanting to have state tax holidays. New York sought to combat ‘border shopping’ by administering tax holidays because New Jersey does not charge tax on clothing during the ‘back to school’ shopping season in late August. Border shopping is the concept of traveling to nearby states to take advantage of lower tax rates. Another example of multistate ‘border shopping’ is that Manhattan drivers cross the George Washington Bridge into New Jersey to buy gas at the small gas station at the end of the bridge because gas is dramatically cheaper in New Jersey.
Focus on Tennessee
This month, we travel to the south to Tennessee, the Volunteer State. Popular culture finds several well-known attractions in the state. Nashville is the country music capital of the world, and is home to the Grand Ole Opry. Memphis, in the far southwest portion of the state, is home to Elvis Presley’s Graceland and the blues clubs of Beale Street. Sun Records resides in Memphis, which is where Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash, Roy Orbison, Carl Perkins and Jerry Lee Lewis began their recording careers. The state also has an agricultural and business climate that many companies find very attractive.
Business Climate
Ranked among the top 10 destinations in the U.S., domestic and international tourism play a major role in the state’s economy. Tourists are flocking to the very popular Great Smokey Mountains National Park (the most visited state park in the U.S.), Graceland, the Ryman Auditorium, the Gaylord Opryland Resort, Lookout Mountain and the Tennessee Aquarium. With these attractions and others, tourism accounted for $17.7 billion of the state’s economy in 2014.
Other major industries include agriculture and manufacturing. 59% of the 82,000 farms supply cattle while soybeans are the major cash crop of the western portion of the state. Industrially, FedEx, AutoZone, International Paper and Volkswagen are some of the major corporations headquartered in Tennessee.
With its well-known low cost of living, Tennessee ranks ninth among states where people retire. In 2014, 3,368 people over the age of 60 migrated to Tennessee.
Tax Climate
Tennessee has a tax climate that is favorable to both your employees and your company.
A New Approach to Oregon’s State Taxes: IP28
The Oregon Legislature is proposing an interesting approach to state taxes. Initiative Petition 28, or IP28, is designed to raise more than $6 billion in revenue every two years for public education, health care and senior services. How? The petition would raise the state's business tax rate by creating a gross receipts tax on C corporations of 2.5 percent on sales above $25 million.
3 Positives to IP28
There are a few positives to this approach to state taxes.
- Analysis reveals that IP28 would reduce Oregon’s revenue from personal income taxes from the highest in the country (69 percent) to 55 percent.
- Because of increased tax revenues, it’s expected that employment in Oregon’s public sector would increase.
- Despite increasing state taxes for corporations, more than 28,000 companies would remain unaffected.
